Pascual Bravo’s English Program greets you!

You are an important part of our academic family and as a member, we want to welcome you to the first edition of our E-GAZETTE!

Starting today, you will have access to our quarterly publication. It will feature diverse contents: articles about technology, science, cultures of the world, news, a grammar corner, and many more topics to help you stay current, and informed.

The E-GAZETTE is an excellent tool that will accompany you outside your English classes to help you improve your vocabulary, reading, writing, and listening skills. Since it is mainly created by you, our students, it will be fresh and dynamic. The E-Gazette will be sharing exciting information with you.

In this first edition, we will travel to two interesting cities and some students will tell us about fashion trends. We also will remember the man who gave origin to our university’s name and one of your mates will narrate his best vacation so far. This and other contents will be part of this issue. On behalf of our Chief, Diana Aguilar; our Coordinator, Luis Holguín and all the teachers in the English Program, we are delighted to welcome you!

We look forward to finding new ways to help you develop excellent skills in your learning process, creating lasting value for your future professional life.

Thank you for reading,

The English Program Team

The digital era is part of our lives and information reaches every corner of the planet in a matter of seconds. The digital era makes knowledge available to all. In academic environments, interdisciplinary studies across all subject areas create spaces to facilitate the dissemination of information on topics of general interest to he academic community.

The opportunity is now to apply your knowledge of the English language, the most spoken, universal language in the world, to any number of topics such as travel, business, audiovisual production, academic, scientific, and cultural topics. The English Program at Pascual Bravo works as a team to make teaching and learning the English language meaningful and relevant.

As a result, we are excited to present “The E-Gazette”, a digital format for the publication of articles written and produced in English for, and by, students, professors, and employees. The E-Gazette will cover a wide variety of interests and topics related to science, technology, and society.

We invite the entire community at Pascual Bravo to submit your papers for publication in this newly created digital outlet.

All your efforts are of great importance to us and, will be reflected in the publication of your works through this new digital journal. We are continually working to bring the highest quality of English learning and training to our students, faculty, and staff.

We look forward to working with you in the future.

Mg. Luis Holguin Ortiz
Administrative support and teacher
The English Program

Learning to communicate in a foreign language is very important in order to integrate a competitive globalized world. This is a challenge that we must assume as a country and as a higher education institution. Implementing strategies to practice the language is a challenge that we must take as our own. Thanks to these strategies, we intend that more and more students master the language in their 4 language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.

Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo in its regulations has defined and adopted English as the main foreign language but, the appropriation of a language must have a level according to the training. Therefore, the permanent practice of its 4 skills is required. To achieve this result in our students, the English Program offers conversation clubs, where the practice of listening and speaking

is encouraged. Today, we are presenting to you the publication “E-Gazette”. This is a space created by students, teachers, and administrative staff to practice reading and writing thus contributing to a better performance in the use of the language. It is very pleasant for Departamento de Fundamentación to have the "E-Gazette“. This space was created to delight us through the reading of articles in English.

Be welcome!

Diana Aguilar
Head of Foundation Department

Welcome aboard the E-Gazette!

Well, let me tell you that, he was also the President of the Sovereign State of Antioquia. Oh yes, dear reader, if you work or study in our university, well, it was named after Antioquia’s president between 1863 to 1864.

Mr. Bravo studied in Medellín and Sonsón. He was known for his excellent writing abilities. After finishing high school, he moved to Rionegro. He alternated his agricultural businesses and the study of economics and law. Yes! He was a lawyer and an economist.

Well, time passed, and he became a very important and influent person in Antioquia’s society. He was appointed Prefect of the West. Later, he entered a

party to the Rionegro Convention, which promulgated the Constitution of the United States of

(Source: https://www.canalacuario.com/monumento-a-pascual-bravo-sera-trasladado-al-historico-puente-mejia/)

Colombia. He was also in charge of the Presidency of the State.

As President, Mr. Bravo undertook the recovery of the Casa de la Moneda de Medellín; He also founded the Official State Gazette, a penitentiary and a school of arts and crafts. Mr. Bravo was an anticlerical man. That is to say, he was in opposition to the government at that time . In the battle of Cascajos, near Marinilla, President Pascual Bravo was hit by a bullet and died in battle.

Well, this was a short historical review of this important man. Did you know those data?

Glossary (in order of appearance) double click on the words

If we say the word “vacations”, normally, we feel high excitement and happiness. This sensation cannot be compared with anything. If we think that, we do not have to attend classes or wake up early… well, it is a great sensation (for some weeks until we come back to reality). From the many places to go on vacation or holidays, there is one that is special and you can really enjoy.

I remember that my trip to Valle del Cocora lasted only 4 days but it was fantastic. I remember that I traveled to Santa Rosa de Cabal, Montenegro and Salento (where Valle del Cocora is located). First, I drove to Santa Rosa de Cabal; the trip lasted about 6 hours from Medellin. When I arrived, I had lunch and looked for a hotel near a hot spring (famous in this zone).

I stayed at the hot spring place until 10 pm then, I went back to the hotel and rested. The next morning, I explored Montenegro and visited the Parque del Café; a great and big place where I learned about the coffee process and enjoyed fantastic attractions which guaranteed amazing experiences.

Lastly, I went to Salento, specifically to Valle del Cocora; a beautiful place which is protected by the government. It is a very calm valley where you can breathe clean air and enjoy a delicious lunch. After this fourth day, I returned home.

The best about this trip was the people. The locals are very nice. I am grateful. They all want to help you so you can have a memorable stay. Every time I recall those days, I really feel Colombians are blessed for those wonderful places in our country.

Santa Rosa de Cabal
Risaralda, Colombia

GLOSSARY (in order of appearance) double click on the words

After a period as turbulent as the one that the world is passing through, the question about trends for Spring-Summer 2021 may still seem uncertain. That is why, we present you:

This season will bring its dose of important silhouettes and will highlight what consumers look for. This 2021, consumers will opt for much more comfortable and creative things. They will buy more colors, natural shades like greens and yellows; something that will bring them more joy. The period of confinement has made us aware of a certain comfortable way of life. This year, there is a great trend that takes us back to the countryside, back to the rustic, back to freedom.

We can expect to see wide shorts combined with XL polo shirts, a little of the spirit of Jacquemus' silhouette.

Jeans will remain but in a shortened version, worn with long jackets.

There will also be sleeveless tops with high waist shorts.

XXL shirts Djellaba-type with deeper collars represent another type of silhouette that we can mention for several seasons, and we can expect it to stay. As a tip, you can wear them in a coordinated silhouette: a large print on the shirt and the same on the trousers.

As we mentioned above, we haven´t put on a suit or dress for a while but it doesn´t mean that they will disappear. For this Spring 2021, they return stronger and more comfortable than ever with marked shoulders, a loose fit, preferably crossed, and straight trousers. The silhouette is reminiscent of the marvelous 70's and fits perfectly with the codes of the 2020s: those of the most sophisticated wide streetwear.

The lifelong coats undergo a radical change for Spring / Summer 2021, but at no time does it lose its essence. In the vast majority of proposals, it maintains its usual khaki tone, although we can also find it in different shades of white or in variations such as violet. Of course, its greatest innovation is the incorporation of the latest fabric technologies to make them lighter and more comfortable to wear.

How do you pronounce it correctly? Well, guys… I do not know. But I know what it means. The hill’s name comes from a native warrior named Tamatea. When Tamatea’s brother was killed in a fight with another tribe, he spent the following days grieving his loss by playing his flute on the hill. The Maori wanted to name the location in his honor. This long name means: “the summit where Tamatea, the man with the big knees, the slider, climber of mountains, the land-swallower who traveled about, played his nose flute to his loved one.”
So, dear reader, you feel tired when you see the word “Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotama
teaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokai
whenuakitanatahu”.

ell, I have good news: there are places in the world that do not require so much effort to read or pronounce.

What would you think if I told you that there are several places in the world whose name is composed of 1 letter? Yes, just 1 letter. Believe it or not. Let me introduce you, one of the places with the shortest name. It is located in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Yes, the three countries have a city named: Å.

Crazy eh? Well, let’s focus on the Norwegian city. The village of Å is found where the European highway E10 runs south down from the Lofoten archipelago. This small village has the Lofotenstockfish Museum and, the Norwegian Fishing Village Museum. It has around 150 inhabitants. Å is basically a small fishing colony. This word means “little river” in Norwegian and it is an island located in the Artic Circle.

But Å is not the only name that has only 1 letter. There are many more, among them we have:

GLOSSARY (in order of appearance) double click on the words

And… what about your city? Do you know the origin of its name? The next time you talk to a foreigner, you may have an interesting story to tell about the name of your city.

Fundamental Decalogue (although there are many more)

1. Abstain from personal abuse.
You may express robust disagreement with what someone says, but do not call them names or threaten them with personal violence. This behavior will bring consequences from the person in-charge (teacher, boss, parent, colleague, etc). Do not swear.

2. Please, Do not spam.
No! Please, do not constantly post advertisements for products or services. It

is very common to find strict and specific rules about who is allowed to post ads and what kind of ads they are. Put yourself in this situation: You are watching an interesting video and…Boom! a commercial appears?

3. Write in a clear and concise way.
If you are in a forum or in a discussion chat, an online class, or a meeting with many non-native English speakers, please, avoid using slang words or expressions; those participants may not understand.

4. Remember that your opinions, comments, and posts are public.
They can be read by your colleagues and partners but pay attention. Consider that among your audience, there can be children, your parents, or your employer.

5. Stay on-topic,
especially when you are new. Do not post or comment about football in a grammar forum or about the weather in a mathematics class! Religion and/or politics are NOT usually discussed in our events.

6. Do not expect other people to do your homework for you.
If you are looking for advice, for some tutoring or technical help, do not ask questions you can easily answer yourself by reading or searching on the Internet. When you do ask for help, include details of what attempts you have made to solve your question or problem. It will show people that you are making an effort to help yourself. In many cultures (unfortunately, we are included), asking for help is misunderstood as “do my homework” or “solve my problem”. Autonomous work is a quality we should all develop.

7. Do not post or publish copyrighted material to which you do not own the rights.
All these Netiquette rules are simple to follow and are very important. But, one of the most important in the academic world is this number 6. Why? Well, simply because there is a high possibility of facing legal actions by the rights holder.

Yes, legal actions. A person can easily be sued. Please, do not say that you wrote, proposed, invented, patented, or created something if you have not. Citation is very important and legal.

8. Do not troll people.
In forums, website comments, chats, discussion panels, and particularly classes, it is totally impolite and rude to troll people. Trolling, nagging, bugging or annoying are not welcomed anywhere (especially at Pascual Bravo). For this misbehavior, we can receive sanctions too.

GLOSSARY (in order of appearance) double click on the words

9. Thank you and please are the magical words.
We do not have to explain this, do we? At Pascual Bravo, we are all very-well educated people. We always say: “Thank you” and “Please”.

10. Anonymity.
The Internet provides a sense of anonymity since you often do not see or hear the people with whom you are communicating online. But that is not an excuse for having poor manners or posting incendiary comments.
When you enter a discussion panel, forum, chat, or an online class, you have to be aware that there are rules to follow. These rules

guide newcomers towards appropriate behavior. You should read all about it (or ask the person in-charge) Some websites present this information in the FAQ (frequently asked questions) section.

Finally, it is always wise to see what the discussion, forum, or class have been talking about before you begin to participate or post your opinions. Online, as in real life, it can take a long time to get past a bad first impression.

THE GRAMMAR
CORNER

In our first edition, we are going to dedicate some time to review an interesting topic that sometimes, may cause some difficulties when we express our ideas in English: The modal verbs.

More than a complex theme in English, modal verbs are great helpers when we are constructing sentences and communicating our opinions. Yes, helpers, assistants: auxiliaries! These friends are very useful when we want to reveal our intentions. The secret to manage these verbs is not memorization or translation,

The Modal Verbs are auxiliary verbs that give additional and specific meaning to the main verb of the sentences. They are: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, ought to, will and would. One question: if the secret to understand these modals is not memorization or translation, then what is the key? Well… it is simple.

The secret is the function or intention. Each modal verb has a function, it means that it has been a purpose, for example, a modal can express possibility, probability, certainty, or ability.

Then, using the modals correctly is just a matter of understanding the situation the speaker is in. Analyze the following table.

As you can see, there are modals for every function (intention). Some are used for making deductions, to make guesses based on known facts or draw conclusions about a fact. Modals for obligations, for permissions, for advice… modals for everything.

But... Which one to use? Well, your teacher will explain this interesting topic in your English class.